Osteochondrosis is a pathological process that leads to dystrophic and structural disorders first in the intervertebral discs, and then into the vertebrae, spinal nerves, muscles, blood vessels and internal organs located nearby.
It can hit all parts of the spine - cervix, chest, lumbar and sacral.Cervical osteochondrosis is a very common phenomenon, and in terms of frequency it is inferior only for lumbar osteochondrosis.
Osteochondrosis in the cervical region continues the stadium.Like any other pathology, without proper treatment in time, it progresses.Functional and structural changes in bone and cartilage tissue become increasingly pronounced, leading to complex forms of the disease with sensitivity and restriction of movements.
Stages and ranks
In total, 4 stages (scale) of osteochondrosis of the cervical region are distinguished.At the same time, the concepts of "rank" and "phase" are very often confused.Although they mean the same thing, they are not completely identical.The phase shows structural disorders in the cervical spine, in the nearby organs and tissues.And by degree means symptoms of osteochondrosis and patient complaints.With osteochondrosis of the cervical region, the first -degree clinical signs are minimal, but may be completely absent.The patient complains of poorly expressed neck pain (cervix), intensifying when you turn your head.In examination, local cervical muscle tension is observed.
Osteochondrosis of the 2nd degree cervical region is associated with discogeneous radiculus.As a result of further degenerative-district changes in the nucleus and the fibrous capsule of the intervertebral disc, the height of the gap between the cervical beads decreases.As a result, the roots of the cervical spinal nerves are violated.Patients are concerned about the pain of the point, intensifying with curves and slope of the head.Pain syndrome can go beyond the cervical region and be associated with general weakness, a decrease in performance.
As a result of further pathological processes, leading to the displacement and destruction of intervertebral discs, the disc hernias are formed in the cervical region.The pain and feeling of general weakness intensify, sensitive and motor disorders in the affected segment area join them.Osteochondrosis of the 3rd degree cervical region is developing.
In the future, with osteochondrosis of the cervical region, the 4th degree of the destroyed intervertebral disk is replaced with fibrous connective tissue.Due to the involvement of the vertebral artery in the pathological process of pain with sensitive and motor disorders, brain disorders join cunning, impaired coordination and a feeling of bell in the ears.
Etiology
Before talking about the causes, or the etiological factors of the cervical osteochondrosis, some anatomical and physiological traits of this back must be clarified.
These features are as follows:
- The neck is a removable structure while bordered by a relatively static chest spine.
- Cervical vertebrae 7, and segments 8. The "excess" segment is due to atlantois -treaty.
- The cervical vertebrae has a different anatomical structure, which is especially traced in the example of the first two cervical vertebrae, Atlanta and the axis.
- Life communications pass through the neck - trachea, esophagus, large vessels, including vertebral arteries that supply the brain.
Etiological factors leading to pathological changes in the cervical region with subsequent transition to osteochondrosis of the 2nd degree cervix are as follows:
- Sedentary lifestyle;
- Irrational nutrition with lack of trace elements and vitamins;
- Continuous violation of behavior by school students, students, office staff;
- Frequent hypothermia, unfavorable home microclimate and in production;
- Endocrine disorders;
- Poor immunity;
- Inheritance.
Symptoms
Symptoms of osteochondrosis of the cervical region of the 2nd degree, in addition to pain, include tension of the cervical and spinal muscles.Pain in the neck (cervix) with a certain degree of osteochondrosis can be either point or spilled, spread beyond the neck in other anatomical areas - the back strap and shoulder.Due to the shortening of intervertebral gaps, sag muscles and ligaments.The action of the muscle frame is weakened and formed by the subluxation of the cervical region, as a result of which the disk is moved in one direction or another.At the same time, the pain can be sharp and severe, according to the type of grates (cervix) after turning the head or extension of the neck.
In addition to the pain, as already shown, the tension of the cervical and spinal muscles is marked.Due to the fact that cervical vertebrae does not move from the back, but on the side, such stress is most often asymmetric in nature and leads to impaired behavior.On the other hand, damaged behavior leads to a further deterioration in metabolic processes in the cervical region.All conditions are created for the passage of osteochondrosis in the 3rd stage.
In 2 stages of cervical osteochondrosis, the vertebral artery has not yet been affected.However, already at this stage, in addition to muscle pain and tension, patients complain about the feeling of weakness, rapid fatigue and decay.Urban sleep disorders are possible due to pain.
Types of treatment
Treatment of osteochondrosis of the 2nd degree cervical region includes:
- Medical therapy,
- Physiotherapeutic procedures,
- Therapeutic gymnastics,
- Massage
- Manual therapy.
TreatmentIt is aimed at eliminating the cervix, inflammation at the roots of the cervical segments and normalizing metabolic processes in the cervical discs.Anesthesia is achieved by getting soothing orally.But this is the most ineffective way to eliminate the pain.In this regard, intramuscular injections are more effective.With severe pain, you can wear a special chants collar.
anesthesiaIt can be achieved by eliminating the inflammatory process at the cervical roots.In this regard, non -steroidal anti -inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used in various forms of medication -Tablet, ointments, injections and compresses.In this regard, injections, ointments are very effective.A good anti -inflammatory effect is given by steroid hormones.
To restore the affected cartilage, it is recommended to take chondroprotectors.For the same purpose, it is indicated the use of vitamin mineral complexes containing group B, C, along with zinc, iron calcium.Although brain disorders in the 2nd phase of cervical osteochondrosis did not occur, the use of neuroprotectors will not be excessive.
Physiotherapeutic proceduresWith cervical osteochondrosis, each degree is designed to reduce pain and inflammation, to improve local blood flow.For this purpose, phonophoresis, laser and magnetic resonance therapy, ultrasound treatment are used.Physiotherapeutic procedures are contraindicated by the period of deterioration of osteochondrosis.
MassageWith osteochondrosis, it is also performed in an interrupted period.Massage procedures are performed in the position of the patient sitting or lying on the side.At the same time, the massage therapist with smooth motion in the direction from the back of the head to the neck cooks, strikes and rubs the tense muscles.Then, the back, neck, chest muscles are massaged.In this case, itself -the size is possible using the Kuznetsov applicant.Is a tingling roll with plastic rivets.It is enough to place this roller around the neck for half an hour every day - an hour, and the result will not be long in coming.
Physical educationIs created to consolidate the effect of the above methods of treatment of neck osteochondrosis.At the same time, optimal loads are created in different muscle groups, which leads to muscle strengthening and eliminating the spine.Manual therapy for neck osteochondrosis should be performed very carefully.Due to the high risk of cervical back damage, it is associated with a high risk not only to health but also to the patient's life.
Prevention measures
Prevention of cervical osteochondrosis is designed to eliminate the causes of this disease and prevent the passage of phase 2 of 3.
In this regard, the following requirements must be noticed:
- Active lifestyle;
- Complete food;
- Normal conditions in life and daily production, excluding designs and hypothermia;
- Appropriate behavior with "sitting" work and study;
- Hardening, sport;
- Treatment of simultaneous chronic diseases;
- At the first signs of osteochondrosis - a timely visit to the doctor.